Quiz: Chapter 7 - Evolution

1 Which part of *Archaeopteryx* indicates its avian character?

I only II only III & IV I, III & IV

2 Which theory states that species are fixed and unchangeable?

Natural selection Evolution Special creation Spontaneous generation

3 According to Lamarck, unused organs:

Mutate Become stronger Get inherited Degenerate

4 Acquired characteristics affect:

Germ cells Somatic cells DNA structure Enzymes only

5 Lamarck's theory failed to explain:

Artificial selection Genetic variability Animal behavior Structure of enzymes

6 Who supported the theory of Special Creation?

Charles Darwin Carolus Linnaeus Father Suárez George Buffon

7 The study of where organisms are found is called:

Paleontology Ecology Biogeography Geology

8 Darwin's theory mainly highlights:

Sudden creation Constant mutations Natural selection Fixity of species

9 Life is believed to have originated in:

Forests Deserts Hydrothermal vents Mountain caves

10 Which theory most strongly opposes Divine Creation?

Darwinism Lamarckism Cell theory Biogenesis

11 A key factor in survival of the fittest is:

Body size Genetic superiority Predation Organ strength

12 Wings of birds and insects are:

Homologous Vestigial Analogous Rudimentary

13 The figures shown are ______ to each other and represent ______:

Homologous, convergent evolution Analogous, convergent evolution Phylogenetic, divergent evolution None of these

14 Natural selection promotes:

Weak traits Neutral traits Adaptive traits Acquired traits

15 Early prokaryotes obtained energy through:

Photosynthesis Fermentation Catabolic metabolism Chemiosmosis

16 Sulfur and iron bacteria are examples of:

Heterotrophs Parasites Inorganic autotrophs Decomposers

17 Struggle among individuals of the same species is called:

Inter-specific Co-evolution Intra-specific Competition

18 Which mammal group is used in biogeographical evidence?

Monotremes Marsupials Placentals Primates

19 The idea that "an organism's desire can cause changes" is part of:

Darwinism Mendelism Lamarckism Neo-Darwinism

20 Prokaryotes are believed to have existed for:

500 million years 1 billion years 1.5 billion years 2.5 million years

21 The shifting of Earth's continents is explained by:

Natural selection Mutation theory Plate tectonics Punctuated equilibrium

22 When unrelated species develop similar features, it's called:

Adaptive radiation Convergent evolution Divergent evolution Co-evolution

23 Which of these is believed to have originated through endosymbiosis?

Nucleus Ribosome Mitochondria Plasma membrane

24 An adaptive character gained during a lifetime is called a(n):

Genetic trait Hereditary trait Acquired character Mutated gene

25 Which concept is explained by the given diagram?

Use and disuse of organ Elongation of neck in giraffe (Lamarck) Biogeography of giraffe Inheritance of Acquired Traits

26 Chloroplasts are believed to have evolved from:

Viruses Cyanobacteria Archaebacteria Amoebas

27 Organs similar in structure but different in function are called:

Analogous Homologous Vestigial Rudimentary

28 The process of forming new species from a common ancestor is:

Hybridization Genetic drift Mutation Speciation

29 Lamarck used which organism as a key example?

Snail Horse Giraffe Rabbit

30 Chloroplasts are absent in:

Algae Plant cells Animal cells Cyanobacteria

31 Fossils show the chronological order of appearance of:

Vestigial structures Fossils Homologous structures Analogous structures

32 Random loss of an allele from a population is called:

Gene flow Genetic drift Gene frequency Mutation

33 The idea of gradual changes passed to offspring is:

Survival of the fittest Theory of Natural Selection Inheritance of acquired characters Origin of species

34 Fossils of Archaeopteryx are significant because they show traits of:

Mammals and reptiles Birds and reptiles Amphibians and fish Insects and birds

35 Who independently formed a theory similar to Darwin's?

Lamarck Mendel Wallace Lyell

36 Lamarck presented his theory in which book?

Origin of Species Philosophie Zoologique Principles of Biology Natural History

37 Sudden change in genetic material is called:

Mutation Overproduction Struggle for existence Discontinuous variation

38 The study of organisms' biochemical structure and function at the molecular level is:

Biochemistry Molecular biology Genetics Cytology

39 The oldest known fossils are of:

Virus Plants Bacteria Animals

40 Structures with similar function but different ancestry are:

Analogous organs Homologous organs Vestigial organs Rudimentary organs

41 In which block are the noble gases placed?

s-block p-block d-block f-block

42 Which combination is incorrect regarding products formed with O₂?

Li → Li₂O Rb → RbO₂ K → K₂O Na → Na₂O₂

43 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of noble gases?

Low boiling points High ionization energies Formation of diatomic molecules Colorless and odorless

44 The process where one species splits into two or more species is called:

Genetic drift Speciation Convergent evolution Adaptive radiation

45 Which of these provides direct evidence for evolution?

Homologous structures Fossil record Vestigial organs All of these

46 The wings of bats and the arms of humans are examples of:

Analogous structures Vestigial structures Homologous structures Convergent evolution

47 Which of these is a vestigial structure in humans?

Appendix Tongue Kidney Pancreas

48 The phenomenon where species evolve in response to changes in each other is called:

Convergent evolution Divergent evolution Co-evolution Adaptive radiation

49 Which scientist is known as the father of genetics?

Charles Darwin Gregor Mendel Alfred Wallace Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

50 The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes a population that is:

Evolving rapidly Not evolving Experiencing genetic drift Under natural selection

51 Which of these is NOT a condition for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

No mutations Random mating Small population size No natural selection

52 The total genetic information in a population is called the:

Gene pool Genotype Allele frequency Phenotype

53 Which type of selection favors intermediate phenotypes?

Directional selection Disruptive selection Stabilizing selection Sexual selection

54 The biological species concept defines a species as:

A group with similar morphology Organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring A lineage with a unique evolutionary history A population with distinct ecological roles

55 Which of these is a postzygotic reproductive barrier?

Habitat isolation Temporal isolation Hybrid sterility Behavioral isolation

56 The rapid evolution of many species from a single ancestor is called:

Convergent evolution Punctuated equilibrium Adaptive radiation Gradualism

57 Which of these is an example of artificial selection?

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria The diversity of dog breeds Peppered moth color change Galápagos finch beak variation

58 The endosymbiotic theory explains the origin of:

Nucleus Mitochondria and chloroplasts Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus

59 Which era is known as the "Age of Dinosaurs"?

Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic Precambrian

60 The current geological era is the:

Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic Precambrian

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Chapter 7: Evolution