Quiz: Chapter 8 - Reproduction

1 What changes occur in ovulation and menstruation during pregnancy?

Both stop completely Ovulation continues but menstruation stops Menstruation continues but ovulation stops Both continue normally

2 What is the primary difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis?

Oogenesis produces 4 functional eggs; spermatogenesis produces 1 sperm Oogenesis produces 1 functional egg; spermatogenesis produces 4 sperm Both produce equal numbers of gametes Oogenesis occurs in testes; spermatogenesis in ovaries

3 How is a seed formed in plants?

From unfertilized ovules From fertilized ovules developing into embryo + seed coat From pollen grains directly From vegetative propagation

4 What is the evolutionary significance of seeds?

They allow plants to reproduce without water They provide protection and delayed germination in harsh conditions They enable photosynthesis in embryos They replace the need for pollination

5 What distinguishes spores from seeds?

Spores are diploid; seeds are haploid Spores lack embryos; seeds contain embryos Spores are larger than seeds Spores develop after fertilization

6 What triggers parthenocarpy in fruits?

High auxin levels Low temperature Water scarcity Fungal infections

7 Which hormone promotes seed dormancy?

Gibberellins Abscisic acid Cytokinins Ethylene

8 What is vernalization?

Flowering induced by low temperature Seed germination in darkness Fruit ripening via ethylene Root growth toward water

9 Which pigment controls photoperiodism in plants?

Chlorophyll Phytochrome Carotenoids Anthocyanin

10 What defines a short-day plant?

Flowers when night exceeds critical length Flowers under continuous light Requires 24-hour daylight Ignores photoperiod

11 Which is NOT a method of asexual reproduction?

Parthenogenesis Apomixis Fertilization Tissue culture

12 Haploid parthenogenesis occurs in:

Aphids Honeybee drones Humans Earthworms

13 What characterizes identical twins?

Different genetic makeup Result from two fertilized eggs Develop from one zygote splitting Always opposite sexes

14 External fertilization is common in:

Mammals Birds Frogs Reptiles

15 Viviparous animals:

Lay shelled eggs Retain embryos internally (e.g., humans) Hatch eggs externally Include all birds

16 Where are sperm produced in males?

Seminal vesicles Seminiferous tubules Prostate gland Epididymis

17 Testosterone is secreted by:

Sertoli cells Interstitial cells Pituitary gland Corpus luteum

18 Fertilization in humans typically occurs in the:

Uterus Vagina Proximal oviduct Ovary

19 LH surge triggers:

Menstruation Ovulation Sperm production Implantation

20 Progesterone is secreted by the:

Graafian follicle Corpus luteum Pituitary Placenta only

21 What initiates labor pains?

Progesterone rise Oxytocin release Estrogen drop FSH surge

22 Which STD is caused by Treponema pallidum?

Gonorrhea Syphilis AIDS Herpes

23 What is the function of the placenta?

Produce sperm Exchange nutrients/wastes Synthesize FSH Store urine

24 Which is a bacterial STD?

AIDS Genital herpes Gonorrhea Hepatitis

25 What defines a test-tube baby?

Born via C-section Fertilized in vitro and implanted Cloned from somatic cells Genetically modified

26 Which hormone maintains pregnancy?

Estrogen Progesterone FSH LH

27 Menstruation occurs due to:

High progesterone Low progesterone Oxytocin surge FSH peak

28 Sertoli cells provide:

Testosterone Nourishment to sperm LH Estrogen

29 Where does the second meiotic division complete in oogenesis?

Ovary After sperm penetration Uterus Vagina

30 What is follicle atresia?

Egg release Follicle degeneration Sperm production Placenta formation

31 Which is NOT a female reproductive part?

Ovary Testes Uterus Oviduct

32 Fraternal twins result from:

One fertilized egg splitting Two eggs fertilized by two sperm Parthenogenesis Cloning

33 Which is an ovoviviparous animal?

Human Duckbill platypus Chicken Frog

34 What stops during pregnancy?

Ovulation and menstruation Placental function Progesterone secretion FSH production

35 Which is a haploid cell?

Primary oocyte Zygote Secondary oocyte Spermatogonia

36 Cloning is a form of:

Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction Crossing-over Mutation

37 Which hormone stimulates milk production?

Oxytocin Prolactin LH FSH

38 What causes syphilis?

Virus Bacterium (Treponema) Fungus Protozoan

39 Which is a long-day plant?

Tobacco Cocklebur Henbane Soybean

40 Germinating pollen grains are rich in:

Auxins Ethylene Abscisic acid Gibberellins

41 What is the gestation period in humans?

150 days 280 days 365 days 30 days

42 Which STD affects newborn eyes?

AIDS Gonorrhea Herpes Syphilis

43 What converts P660 to P730?

Red light Far-red light Blue light Darkness

44 Which is NOT a placental function?

Gas exchange Progesterone production Sperm storage Nutrient transfer

45 What triggers vernalization?

High auxin Low temperature (~4°C) Water scarcity Long days

46 Which is a diploid structure?

Sperm Egg Zygote Polar body

47 What is climacteric in fruits?

Seed dormancy Respiratory burst during ripening Flower initiation Root growth

48 Which is a parthenocarpic fruit?

Banana Apple Tomato (natural) Corn

49 Where is testosterone produced?

Sertoli cells Seminal vesicles Interstitial cells Pituitary

50 What inhibits FSH secretion?

High estrogen Low progesterone Oxytocin Prolactin

51 Which is NOT an asexual method?

Budding Fertilization Tissue culture Fragmentation

52 What is the role of vernalin?

Induces flowering after cold Promotes root growth Inhibits seed germination Ripens fruits

53 Which is a hermaphrodite organism?

Human Earthworm Chicken Frog

54 What defines menopause?

First menstruation Cessation of menstrual cycles Ovulation peak Pregnancy term

55 Which is a function of estrogen?

Sperm production Endometrium thickening Inhibiting LH Milk ejection

56 What is florigen?

Flower-inducing hormone Fruit-ripening gas Root growth inhibitor Seed dormancy trigger

57 Which is an example of apomixis?

Banana seed formation Embryo from nucellus without fertilization Twin births Cross-pollination

58 What is the critical factor in photoperiodism?

Light intensity Dark period length Temperature Water availability

59 Which is NOT a male reproductive part?

Testes Epididymis Ovary Vas deferens

60 What is the primary role of FSH in females?

Stimulate follicle growth Trigger ovulation Maintain pregnancy Induce labor

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Chapter 8: Reproduction